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Dietary patterns track from infancy to preschool age: cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives
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Edité par CCSD ; American Society for Nutrition -
International audience. Background. While it has been suggested that dietary patterns emerge early in life, less is known about the extent to which they track over toddlerhood and preschool ages.Objective. The objectives were to derive cross-sectional dietary patterns at 2, 3 and 5 y and assess their correlations; and to derive multi-time-point dietary patterns from 2 to 5 y and assess their associations with socio-demographic factors and infant feeding patterns.Methods. Depending on the age considered, analyses included 989 to 1422 children from the EDEN mother-child cohort. Dietary intake was collected using FFQs at 2, 3 and 5 y. Principal component analyses were applied to these data, first cross-sectionally at each age, then longitudinally accounting for the data collected at all three ages. Tracking between patterns was estimated by Spearman correlation coefficients and associations with either the infant feeding patterns or the demographic and socio-economic factors were assessed using multivariable linear regression analyzes.Results. Overall, we derived two main cross-sectional patterns labelled “Processed, fast foods” and “Guidelines”, the latter being characterized by intakes approximating age-specific dietary guidelines; and two multi-time-point dietary patterns which corresponded to consistent exposures to similar foods across the three ages. The first, labelled “Processed, fast-foods at 2, 3 and 5 y”, was inversely associated with maternal education and age, and positively to the presence of older sibling(s). The second, called “Guidelines at 2, 3 and 5 y”, was predicted by maternal education. Moderate tracking was observed between similar patterns assessed at different ages.Conclusions. Our findings confirmed the emergence of dietary profiles socially differentiated early in life as well as a moderate tracking of the diet. The promotion of healthy dietary trajectories should be encouraged as soon as infancy, in particular in the presence of older siblings and amongst the most socially disadvantaged population groups.
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