Is Xylella fastidiosa a serious threat to European forests?

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Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure | Balci, Yilmaz | Cornara, Daniele | Gonthier, Paul | Robin, C. | Jacques, Marie-Agnès

Edité par CCSD ; Oxford University Press (OUP) -

International audience. The recent emergence of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Italy, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, has drawn attention to the risks posed by this vector-borne bacterium to important crops (especially fruit trees and grapevine) in Europe. Comparatively very little is known on actual and potential impacts of this pathogen in forests, in the native (North American) and introduced (European) regions, respectively. The present review aims to address important questions related to the threat posed by X. fastidiosa to European forests, such as: What are the symptoms, hosts and impact of Bacterial Leaf Scorch caused by X. fastidiosa on trees in North America? Which forest tree species have been found infected in the introduction area in Europe? How does X. fastidiosa cause disease in susceptible hosts? Are there any X. fastidiosa genotypes (subspecies and sequence types) specifically associated with forest trees? How is X. fastidiosa transmitted? What are the known and potential vectors for forest trees? How is disease affected by vector ecology? Is the distribution of X. fastidiosa, especially strains associated with trees, restricted by climatic factors? Is disease risk for trees different in forest ecosystems as compared to urban settings? We conclude by pointing to important knowledge gaps related to all these questions and strongly advocate for intensification of research about the Xylella-forest pathosystem, in both North America and Europe.

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