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Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome and swine influenza viruses co-infections and superinfections of porcine respiratory cells and tissues
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Session 1 : Anti-Infectious Immunity. National audience. In the pig, respiratory co-infections involving multiple pathogens are more frequent than single infections. Amongst porcine respiratory viruses, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and swine influenza type A virus (swIAV) are frequently associated. Previously, we performed co-infections and superinfections (maximum 3h of delay between infections) with swIAV and PRRSV in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) and precision cut lung slices (PCLS). Interference caused by the first virus on replication of the second virus was observed, though limited. On the host side, additive and synergistic effects were identified. However, the main target cell of swIAV is the epithelial cell, while for PRRSV it is the PAM; it was practically impossible to have co-infections of the same cells. This constraint complicated the study of interference between the two viruses. Consequently, in a second series of experiments we used an epithelial cell line expressing CD163, the main receptor of PRRSV. Results showed that swIAV, as well as PRRSV, were highly interfering with each other when infecting the same cells with consequences for the cellular antiviral response. More recently, we started to perform co-infections as well as superinfections with local strains of PRRSV, swIAV, and Aujeszky disease virus (ADV), as a DNA virus control, but this time with longer delays between infections. Moreover, we initiated preliminary works in order to assess a potential induction of trained immunity. A better understanding of the complex interactions existing between infectious agents in the respiratory tract will enable more rational preventive and therapeutic actions against the porcine respiratory complex
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