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Évaluation des risques sanitaires induits par le radon pour les occupants d'une maison construite sur des résidus de minerais d'uranium. Assessment of radon-induced health risk for occupants of a house built on uranium ore residue

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Cléro, E. | Marie, L. | Challeton-de Vathaire, C. | Laurier, D. | Rannou, A.

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier Masson -

National audience. Position du problèmeÀ la demande des pouvoirs publics français, l’institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire a évalué la situation radiologique d’une maison construite sur des résidus de minerais d’uranium en Haute-Vienne, ainsi que les risques sanitaires dus à l’exposition au radon pour l’ensemble des occupants. Le radon est une cause avérée de cancer du poumon en cas d’inhalation régulière et sur une longue durée, et le risque augmente avec l’exposition cumulée.Méthodes. L’exposition au radon a été reconstituée pour différents profils-types d’occupation de la maison. Un modèle de risque dérivé d’une étude épidémiologique européenne a été utilisé pour calculer les probabilités vie entière de décès par cancer du poumon selon les profils-types considérés.Résultats.L’évaluation des risques des occupants de la maison a mis en évidence les principaux résultats suivants. Pour un enfant résident scolarisé, ayant été exposé au radon de la naissance jusque l’âge de 7 ans, le risque relatif vie entière (RVE) est estimé à 5. Pour les derniers résidents adultes et jeunes adultes, ayant été exposés pendant plus de 10 ans dans la maison, la probabilité de décès par cancer du poumon est comparable à celle d’un fumeur régulier de cigarettes, avec un RVE compris entre 10 et 13 et une probabilité vie entière de décès par cancer du poumon comprise entre 3 et 4 %. Si ces personnes exposées au radon fumaient régulièrement, cette probabilité se situerait entre 6 et 32 % (en supposant une interaction additive ou multiplicative).Conclusion. Pour les anciens occupants (non-fumeurs) ayant été exposés 10 ans durant leur enfance, le RVE est deux fois plus faible. Pour les enfants ayant été en garde ou en nourrice dans la maison, l’augmentation de la probabilité de décès par cancer du poumon est faible, avec un RVE inférieur à 2. Sous l’hypothèse, comme pour l’adulte, d’une décroissance du risque au-delà de 30 ans après la fin de l’exposition, l’augmentation de risque est quasi-nulle pour les anciens occupants exposés durant l’enfance et les enfants en garde, avec un RVE proche de 1.Background At the request of French public authorities, the Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety has assessed the radiological situation of a house built on uranium ore residues in Haute-Vienne and the health risks induced from exposure to radon for all occupants. Classified as a lung carcinogen by the World Health Organization, radon is a proven cause of lung cancer in case of regular inhalation over a long period, and the risk increases with cumulative exposure. Methods Radon exposure was reconstructed for various standard profiles of house occupancy. A risk model derived from a European epidemiological study was used to calculate the lifetime probability of death from lung cancer according to these standard profiles. Results Risk assessment of the occupants of the house highlighted the following main findings. For a resident school child having been exposed to radon from birth to the age of 7, the lifetime relative risk (LRR) was estimated at 5. For last adult and young adult residents having lived more than 10 years in the house, the probability of death from lung cancer was in the same order of magnitude as that of a regular cigarette smoker, with a LRR from 10 to 13 and a lifetime probability of death from lung cancer between 3 and 4%. If these individuals smoked regularly, in addition to being exposed to radon, this probability would be between 6 and 32% (supposing an additive or multiplicative interaction). Conclusion For former occupants (non-smokers) having been exposed 10 years during childhood, the LRR was two-fold lower. For children having been in day care in the house, the increased probability of death from lung cancer was low, with a LRR lower than 2. Supposing, as in adults, that the risk decreases beyond 30 years after the end of radon exposure, the increase was almost zero for former occupants exposed during childhood and during day care, with a LRR close to 1. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS . Background At the request of French public authorities, the Institute of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety has assessed the radiological situation of a house built on uranium ore residues in Haute-Vienne and the health risks induced from exposure to radon for all occupants. Classified as a lung carcinogen by the World Health Organization, radon is a proven cause of lung cancer in case of regular inhalation over a long period, and the risk increases with cumulative exposure. Methods Radon exposure was reconstructed for various standard profiles of house occupancy. A risk model derived from a European epidemiological study was used to calculate the lifetime probability of death from lung cancer according to these standard profiles. Results Risk assessment of the occupants of the house highlighted the following main findings. For a resident school child having been exposed to radon from birth to the age of 7, the lifetime relative risk (LRR) was estimated at 5. For last adult and young adult residents having lived more than 10 years in the house, the probability of death from lung cancer was in the same order of magnitude as that of a regular cigarette smoker, with a LRR from 10 to 13 and a lifetime probability of death from lung cancer between 3 and 4%. If these individuals smoked regularly, in addition to being exposed to radon, this probability would be between 6 and 32% (supposing an additive or multiplicative interaction). Conclusion For former occupants (non-smokers) having been exposed 10 years during childhood, the LRR was two-fold lower. For children having been in day care in the house, the increased probability of death from lung cancer was low, with a LRR lower than 2. Supposing, as in adults, that the risk decreases beyond 30 years after the end of radon exposure, the increase was almost zero for former occupants exposed during childhood and during day care, with a LRR close to 1. © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS

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