The interaction between cognition and motor control: A theoretical framework for dual-task interference effects on posture, gait initiation, gait and turning

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Dujardin, Kathy | Tard, Celine | Defebvre, Luc | Bonnet, Cédrick T. | Allart, Etienne | Delval, Arnaud | Bayot, Madli

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier Masson -

Studies of dual tasks (i.e. situations during which an individual performs two tasks simultaneously) and the subsequent inter-task interference have shown that locomotion and posture involves motor and cognitive components. Dual tasks therefore constitute a promising avenue for improving the diagnosis, prevention and management of falls or cognitive impairment in populations at risk. However, tackling these major public health concerns with dual-task interventions requires a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying dual-task interference. In this context, we review (i) the main dual-task theories proposed to date and (ii) the factors that can influence dual-task interference effects in healthy young individuals and might therefore explain the current lack of consensus on the mechanisms of dual tasks. We also consider cognitive-motor dual tasks in which the motor task is a less frequently studied transition movement (such as gait initiation or turning), rather than only the often-studied gait and posture tasks. In general, the review focuses on the behavioral effects of dual tasking.

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