Weevil pgrp-lb prevents endosymbiont TCT dissemination and chronic host systemic immune activation

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Maire, Justin | Vincent-Monégat, Carole | Balmand, Severine | Vallier, Agnès | Hervé, Mireille | Le Masson, Florent | Parisot, Nicolas | Vigneron, Aurélien | Anselme, Caroline | Perrin, Jackie | Orlans, Julien | Rahioui, Isabelle | da Silva, Pedro | Fauvarque, Marie-Odile | Mengin-Lecreulx, Dominique | Zaidman-Remy, Anna | Heddi, Abdelaziz

Edité par CCSD ; National Academy of Sciences -

International audience. Significance Permanent infections with beneficial bacteria are widespread in nature and are believed to play a pivotal role in evolution. How hosts’ immune functions are regulated to maintain cooperative bacteria while preventing them from constantly activating the host immune system is a key question in understanding host–bacterial associations’ sustainability. In insects, beneficial bacteria are often confined within specialized host cells, the bacteriocytes, which avoid direct contact between the host’s immune system and bacteria. Here, we report an additional mechanism that prevents bacteria-released immunogenic molecules (i.e., peptidoglycan fragments) from escaping the bacteriocytes. We show that two peptidoglycan-cleaving enzymes are specifically produced in the bacteriocytes, where they cleave bacterial peptidoglycan into nonimmunogenic fragments, thereby preventing continuous and damageable host systemic immune activation.

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