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Oxidative stress biomarkers in the Mediterranean pond turtle ( Mauremys leprosa ) reveal contrasted aquatic environments in Southern France
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International audience. Increasing anthropogenic activities, like agricultural practices, constitute the main causes of the loss ofwater quality and disruption of freshwater ecosystems. High concentrations of pesticides, as shownunder experimental conditions, can indeed impact freshwater animals. In Southern France, especially inthe Pyrenees-Orientales department, because agricultural activities are mainly based on fruit crops andvineyards, glyphosate and AMPA were detected in some watercourses. Thereby we investigated the effectsof degraded waters on the physiology of the endemic endangered freshwater species, namely theMediterranean pond turtle Mauremys leprosa, in contrasted environments along the same rivers on theone hand and between different rivers on the other. We measured the activity and gene expression oftwo enzymes involved in the oxidative detoxification processes, namely the Catalase and the Superoxidedismutase. We showed significant variations in the Catalase gene expression and activity within turtlesof the Fosseille River depending of their location, i.e. upstream or downstream of the wastewatertreatment plants (WTP). Because agricultural environments are similar all along this river, they can no belonger considered as the unique source of turtle stress. The processed waters discharged by the WTP,
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