Single-cell absolute contact probability detection reveals chromosomes are organized by multiple low-frequency yet specific interactions

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Cattoni, Diego | Gizzi, Andrés M Cardozo | Georgieva, Mariya | Di Stefano, Marco | Valeri, Alessandro | Chamousset, Delphine | Houbron, Christophe | Déjardin, Stephanie | Fiche, Jean-Bernard | González, Inma | Chang, Jia-Ming | Sexton, Thomas | Marti-Renom, Marc A | Bantignies, Frederic | Cavalli, Giacomo | Nollmann, Marcelo

Edité par CCSD ; Nature Publishing Group -

International audience. At the kilo- to megabase pair scales, eukaryotic genomes are partitioned into self-interacting modules or topologically associated domains (TADs) that associate to form nuclear compartments. Here, we combine high-content super-resolution microscopies with state-of-the-art DNA-labeling methods to reveal the variability in the multiscale organization of the Drosophila genome. We find that association frequencies within TADs and between TAD borders are below ~10%, independently of TAD size, epigenetic state, or cell type. Critically, despite this large heterogeneity, we are able to visualize nanometer-sized epigenetic domains at the single-cell level. In addition, absolute contact frequencies within and between TADs are to a large extent defined by genomic distance, higher-order chromosome architecture, and epigenetic identity. We propose that TADs and compartments are organized by multiple, small-frequency, yet specific interactions that are regulated by epigenetics and transcriptional state.

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