A genome-wide approach combining field and platform phenotyping to investigate plant responses to drought and high temperatures

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Welcker, Claude | Millet, Emilie | Alvarez Prado, Santiago | Coupel-Ledru, Aude | Chen, Tsu Wei | Cabrera Bosquet, Llorenç | Tardieu, Francois

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Natural genetic resources need to be fully explored for designingnovel genotypes able to cope with climate change, with specialemphasis on identification of traits and allelic sources of adaptationto drought and high temperature. We base our approachon a combination of methods involving genetic analyses in phenotypingplatforms and in the field. The rationale is that a giventrait or allele confers advantages for yield in specific scenariosof water deficit or high temperature, but most often not in all ofthese scenarios. We have explored, in a network of field experiments,a series of environmental scenarios for identifying thescenarios where a given allele has positive, negative or no effecton yield. We have then dissected these effects into responsesto specific environmental conditions and their genetic variability.The latter step involves phenotyping in an automated phenotypingplatform, allowing one to infer traits that are impossible tomeasure in the field, such as radiation use efficiency, sensitivityof growth to water deficit or stomatal control. We have appliedthis strategy to a panel of 250 maize hybrids allowing a multi-scale multi environment whole-genome association study.Resulting pattern of QTL effects expressed as function of environmentalvariables and traits can be used for assessing the performanceof genotypes and the contribution of genomic regionsunder current and future stress situations, and for acceleratingthe breeding for drought-prone environments.

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