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Adaptation to heat in pig production: the genetic pathway. Adaptation to heat in pig production: the genetic pathway: First phenotypic results
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Heat stressed pigs reduce their feed intake which impair their growth or reproduction performances. Managementsolutions are available to attenuate the effect of heat stress on pigs, such as environmental solutions (water orfeeding management). However, these solutions are technically and economically difficult to implement. Thegenetic selection for improving environmental adaptation in pig production is the most promising long termoption.The PigHeaT project aims 1) at identifying QTLs for heat adaptation, by examining direct responses to find genesinvolved in metabolic ways, indirect responses to find genes affecting growth or robustness to environmentalvariations, 2) at better understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying heat adaptation. The PigHeaTproject (http://www6.inra.fr/pigheat_eng/) is based on original biological resources and original experimentalfacilities. The studied population will be a backcross between Large White pigs, productive but poorlythermotolerant breed, and Creole pigs, low productive but highly thermotolerant breed. The progeny issued fromthis backcross will express all possible levels of thermal tolerance and production performances when submitted toheat stress, depending on the alleles received from their parents. High throughput phenotyping, metabolomics onall the progeny, and transcriptomics on a subset of extreme pigs selected on thermal tolerance response, will beapplied. The design benefits from the unique combination of experimental facilities available at INRA: the firstpart of the project will rely on the backcross population raised in the experimental facilities located in the WestIndies (Guadeloupe, tropical environment). The concomitant production of the same population in theexperimental facilities available in temperate France (Charente Maritime) will allow the detection of genetic byenvironment (GxE) effects for the QTL detected in Guadeloupe.The first phenotypic results confirm the effect of environment on zootechnical and thermoregulatory pigperformance. A significant effect of the production environment has been observed on pig’s growth rate, with adifference of about 100 g / d for the temperate environment (820 vs 720 g / d in the tropics) and lower bodytemperatures (39.4 and 34.8 ° C for rectal and skin temperatures vs. 39.5 and 35.9 ° C in the tropics).
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