Exploring the wavefront of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation.

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Rutishauser, Simon | Samoylova, Liubov | Krzywinski, Jacek | Bunk, Oliver | Grünert, Jan | Sinn, Harald | Cammarata, Marco | Fritz, David M | David, Christian

Edité par CCSD ; Nature Publishing Group -

International audience. The high photon flux and femtosecond pulse duration of hard X-ray free-electron lasers have spurred a large variety of novel and fascinating experiments in physical, chemical and biological sciences. Many of these experiments depend fundamentally on a clean, well-defined wavefront. Here we explore the wavefront properties of hard X-ray free-electron laser radiation by means of a grating interferometer, from which we obtain shot-to-shot wavefront information with an excellent angular sensitivity on the order of ten nanoradian. The wavefront distortions introduced by optical elements are observed in-situ and under operational conditions. The source-point position and fluctuations are measured with unprecedented accuracy in longitudinal and lateral direction, both during nominal operation and as the X-ray free-electron laser is driven into saturation.

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