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Naturally Occurring Parvoviral Infection in Hungarian Broiler Flocks
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Edité par CCSD ; Taylor & Francis -
International audience. The major enteric disease (ED) complex in broiler chickens is runting-stunting syndrome (RSS) and in turkey broilers, poult enteritis mortality syndrome. Viruses from numerous families have been identified in the intestinal tracts of poultry with ED such as: Astroviridae, Coronaviridae, Reoviridae, Rotaviridae, and Parvoviridae. The objective of this study was to directly demonstrate the presence of the scarcely known chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and turkey parvovirus (TuPV) in Hungarian flocks experiencing clinical signs of ED. ChPV and TuPV infection was demonstrated in 15 chicken and 2 turkey flocks, in intestinal samples collected between 2008 and 2010. The histopathological investigation revealed enteritis in the duodenum and jejunum, and atrophy of the lymphoid organs. The indirect immunohistochemistry (IHC) suggested the intestinal epithelium of chickens and turkeys as a potential replication site of the virus, similarly to other parvoviruses, while in case of the turkey samples, IHC positivity was also observed in the bursa of Fabricius, liver and pancreas. However, at this point no direct connection can be established between the presence of the pathogen in the above mentioned tissues and the histopathological changes observed in the investigated flocks. The phylogenetic analysis performed on the partial nucleic acid sequence of the NS1 protein revealed an evident clustering tendency of the ChPV and TuPV strains, but also highlighted the potential reciprocal role of these two species in the epidemiology of these virus strains. The role of the ChPV and TuPV in the ED is far from understood, but the results of the present study emphasize the fact that in certain, still not fully elucidated conditions, participate in the emergence of ED in chicken flocks, as suggested earlier only by experimental infections.
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