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Decoding the role of blaCPE-carrying plasmids on wings: A holistic view using the One Health approach
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Edité par CCSD -
International audience. Introduction: Plasmids are universally present in bacteria and play key roles in the dissemination of carbapenemase (CP) genes. Their introduction outside the clinical settings has been evidenced since 2016 but it is still unknown the potential of migratory birds as sentinels of these antimicrobial resistance (AMR) determinants. Material and methods: Plasmids carrying the IncX3/IncN/IncFII/IncHIB-FIB/IncL replicons were downloaded from the PLSDB filtered by countries crossed by storks on their migratory route and screened for blaNDM-1/7/blaKPC-2/3/blaOXA-48/blaVIM-1 using Resfinder/Kleborate. The phylogenetic trees were generated with IQ-TREE (GTR+F+ G4). CP-genes localization was performed using Southern blots. In parallel, plasmid information was extracted from Illumina (NovaSeq6000) and MinION (Oxford Nanopore) sequences.Results: A total of 16 plasmids originating from 14 animals were selected from a previous study from landfill-foraging storks faeces in Spain. These included IncN-blaKPC-2 (n=4 plasmids), IncF/blaKPC-3 (n=1), IncN/blaKPC-3 (n=1), IncL/blaVIM-1 (n=2), IncI1-FIB/blaVIM-1 (n=1), IncL/blaOXA-48 (n=2), IncX3/blaNDM-7 (n=6), IncH1-FIB/blaNDM-1 (n=1). Mapping against PLSDB database with criteria described above revealed that most of the plasmid analyzed from the replicon families studied (a total of 438 public plasmids) belonged to the human backdrop with high similarities with the storks’ ones (<10 SNPs) recovered from German, Swiss, French, Italian and Spanish hospitals among others, and African countries (such as Nigeria or Egypt). In addition, IncX3/blaNDM-7 was also detected in livestock and food-derived products displaying strong links with the storks’ plasmids (<10 SNPs). According to their mobilome/resistome, larger plasmids such as IncH1-FIB and IncI1-FIB (>250 kpb) harbored additional AMR determinants mostly inserted in huge genetic platforms such as transposons (i.e, Tn2) and integrons (i.e, In110) whereas smaller plasmids were more conserved. Curiously, the blaVIM-1 located on both IncFIB-HIB (250 kpb) and IncL plasmids (60 kbp) was surrounded by the same genetic environment and inserted in the same genetic platform (for blaVIM-1: intI1-estX-blaVIM-1-aac(6')-Ib-cr-aadA1-catB2-sul1).Conclusions: These data provide a snapshot of the plasmid epidemiology of CP-Ec/Kp in free-living animals such as storks. Considering the extent of the CP-Ec/Kp mobilome, the potential importance for transmission analyses and its largely unexplored genetic basis, further research is needed to assess the environmental dissemination and key-role of these plasmids.
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