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Eastern Africa Origin of SAT2 Topotype XIV Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Outbreaks, Western Asia, 2023

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Di Nardo, Antonello | Shaw, Andrew | Gondard, Mathilde | Wadsworth, Jemma | Girault, Guillaume | Parekh, Krupali | Ludi, Anna | Mioulet, Valérie | Bernelin-Cottet, Cindy | Hicks, Hayley | Polo, Noemi | Bulut, Abdulnaci | Parlak, Unal | Gizaw, Daniel | Ababneh, Mustafa | Al Ameer, Maisa | Abdulrasool, Layth M.S. | Al Saloom, Fajur | Al-Rawahi, Wafa | Knowles, Nick | Bakkali, Labib | King, Donald

Edité par CCSD ; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention -

International audience. We describe detection of SAT2 topotype XIV foot-and-mouth disease viruses in western Asia during 2022–2023. Sequences show the viruses originated in eastern Africa and were introduced into western Asia on >1 occasion. The rapid spread in naive animals highlights risks for onward transmission and potential endemicity in Asia.Cases of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) were reported in buffalo in Baghdad, Iraq, during December 2022 (https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4856External Link). Genotyping of FMD virus (FMDV) variable protein (VP) 1 coding sequences generated by the SAP Institute in Turkey identified the causative FMDV as the SAT2/XIV topotype that is present in eastern Africa but is exotic to western Asia (1). Increased surveillance monitored the further spread of this topotype among naive livestock that had not been vaccinated or previously infected with this serotype. By January 2023, fresh outbreaks caused by SAT2/XIV were detected in Bahrain, Jordan, and Oman. In March 2023, outbreaks caused by this topotype were also reported in eastern Anatolia in Turkey and later in central Anatolia and the Adana Provinces. We used whole-genome sequences to investigate the likely timing and route of SAT2/XIV incursion and spread in western Asia.

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