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Escherichia coli ST224 and IncF/blaCTX-M-55 plasmids drive resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in poultry flocks in Parana, Brazil
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International audience. Resistant Enterobacterales of avian intestinal origin can contaminate carcasses during broiler processing andthereby spread through the human food chain. This study aimed at assessing the prevalence, diversity andgenomic characteristics of ESBL/AmpC Enterobacterales in poultry flocks from different farms and cities in thestate of Paran´a, Brazil. Enterobacterales isolated from cloacal samples were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibilitytesting (AST). ESBL/AmpC isolates were whole-genome sequenced and subjected to S1-nuclease pulsedfieldgel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) followed by Southern blotting to determine the location of resistant genes onplasmids. A surprisingly high proportion of E. coli (40.6 %) collected on non-selective plates presented an ESBL/AmpC phenotype. Multidrug resistance was statistically not higher in ESBL/AmpC E. coli having the potential tobe Avian Pathogenic (APEC-like) compared to non-APEC-like ESBL/AmpC E. coli isolates. Resistance to antibioticsnot authorized for use in poultry in the State of Paran´a was observed, suggesting that antimicrobialresistance (AMR) is co-selected by the use of veterinary-licensed antibiotics. Phylogenetic analyzes revealed thepresence of identical or highly similar ESBL/AmpC E. coli clones on farms distant up to 100 km of each other; thisstrongly suggests that the centralization and verticalization of the poultry industry can facilitate the spread ofresistant bacteria among different farms, companies, and cities. The molecular characterization of clones andplasmids proved the dominance of the ST224 E. coli lineage and the IncF/blaCTX-M-55 plasmid, possibly indicatingthe emergence of successful clones and plasmids adapted to the chicken host. Our data contribute to theepidemiological tracking of resistance mechanisms in Enterobacterales from poultry and to knowledge for furtherOne Health studies to control the spread of resistant bacteria from food animals to humans.
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