Clinical Presentation, Pathological Spectrum, and Outcomes of Alcoholic Cirrhosis-Related Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy

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Ronsin, Charles | Braud, Pierre | Kandel-Aznar, Christine | Dujardin, Amaury | Petit, Clémence | Larmet, David | Garandeau, Claire | Deltombe, Clément | Le Clech, Alice | Leman, Claire | Blancho, Gilles | Schurder, Juliet | Couvrat-Desvergnes, Grégoire | Ville, Simon

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier -

International audience. Introduction: Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) associated with cirrhosis is frequent but often overlooked because it is largely considered silent. Until now, little has been known about their presentation and outcomes.Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicenter study on patients with kidney biopsy-proven cirrhosis-related IgAN (cirrhosis-IgAN), diagnosed between 2009 and 2022. We mixed them up with 83 primary IgAN (pIgAN) diagnosed during the same period, using a partitioning clustering approach, to determine common clinicopathological profiles.Results: All the 46 patients with cirrhosis-IgAN had an excessive alcoholic consumption. Clinical presentation was severe with acute kidney injury (AKI) in 79%; alternative causes of AKI was found in 62% of cases. Three clinicopathological clusters were identified as follows: the first one represented chronic involvement, the second one could be assimilated to mild disease, and the third one corresponded to a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) pattern and was associated with heavy proteinuria and intrinsic AKI (without alternative causes). Whereas the first 2 clusters were equally distributed between pIgAN and cirrhosis-IgAN, the third was more frequent in patients with cirrhosis. The cumulative mortality rate in cirrhosis-IgAN was 26% and 46% at 1-year and 3-years, respectively. Steroid exposure and moderate or severe AKI were associated with higher mortality and steroid exposure was associated with the occurrence of severe infection.Conclusion: Our results suggest that high AKI incidence is related to extrinsic causes in most cases but can also be driven by IgA-dominant MPGN in a subset of patients. Steroid use was associated with infectious disease and mortality. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of immunosuppressive treatment in cirrhosis-IgAN patients.

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