Offline impact of transcranial focusedultrasound on cortical activation inprimates

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Verhagen, Lennart | Folloni, Davide | Constans, Charlotte | Jensen, Daria, Ea | Ahnine, Harry | Santin, Mathieu | Ahmed, Bashir | Krug, Kristine | Mars, Rogier, B | Rushworth, Matthew, Fs | Pouget, Pierre | Sallet, Jerome | Gallea, Cecile

Edité par CCSD ; eLife Sciences Publication -

International audience. To understand brain circuits it is necessary both to record and manipulate their activity. Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a promising non-invasive brain stimulation technique. To date, investigations report short-lived neuromodulatory effects, but to deliver on its full potential for research and therapy, ultrasound protocols are required that induce longer-lasting 'offline' changes. Here, we present a TUS protocol that modulates brain activation in macaques for more than one hour after 40 s of stimulation, while circumventing auditory confounds. Normally activity in brain areas reflects activity in interconnected regions but TUS caused stimulated areas to interact more selectively with the rest of the brain. In a within-subject design, we observe regionally specific TUS effects for two medial frontal brain regions-supplementary motor area and frontal polar cortex. Independently of these site-specific effects, TUS also induced signal changes in the meningeal compartment. TUS effects were temporary and not associated with microstructural changes.

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