IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A LARGEMULTIGENE FAMILY OF COOPERATING EFFECTOR GENESFACILITATING CELL-TO-CELL MOBILITY CONSERVED INDOTHIDEOMYCETES AND SORDARIOMYCETES

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Talbi, Nacera | Mila, Blekemolen | Fokkens, Like | Audran, Corinne | Petit-Houdenot, Yohann | Pouzet, Cécile | Blaise, Francoise | Rouxel, Thierry | Balesdent, Marie‐hélène | Takken, Frank L. W. | Rep, Martijn | Fudal, Isabelle

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International audience. With the increasing availability of high-quality fungal genomes, effectors conserved amongspecies and genera have been uncovered. Two avirulence effectors, AvrLm10A andAvrLm10B, of Leptosphaeria maculans, responsible for stem canker of oilseed rape, aremembers of such a large family of conserved effectors. AvrLm10A and AvrLm10B areneighboring genes in divergent transcriptional orientation. Sequence searches within the L.maculans genome showed that AvrLm10A/AvrLm10B belong to a multigene familycomprising five pairs of genes with similar tail-to-tail organization, specifically expressedduring biotrophic stages of infection. Two of the corresponding protein pairs, includingAvrLm10A and AvrLm10B, have the ability to physically interact. AvrLm10A homologueswere identified in more than 30 Dothideomycete and Sordariomycete plant-pathogenic fungi.One of them, SIX5, is an effector from Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol) physicallyinteracting with the avirulence effector Avr2 and required for the movement of Avr2 from cell-to-cell through plasmodesmata. We demonstrated that members of the AvrLm10A family inL. maculans can complement SIX5 function in plant cell-to-cell mobility assays and Folvirulence. We found that AvrLm10A/SIX5 homologues were associated with at least eightdistinct effector families, suggesting an ability to cooperate with different effectors. Theseresults point to a general role of the AvrLm10A/SIX5 proteins as “cooperator proteins”

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