Neonatal metabolic profiling shows relationships between metabolites and biometric phenotypes related to piglet maturity at birth

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Liaubet, Laurence | Lefort, Gaëlle | Billon, Yvon | Reigner, Sébastien | Bailly, Jean | Guilmineau, Camille | Marty-Gasset, Nathalie | Gress, Laure | Servien, Rémi | Bonnet, Agnès | Gilbert, Hélène | Vialaneix, Nathalie | Quesnel, Hélène

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International audience. The plasma metabolome of newborn piglets from lines divergently selected on residual feed intake (RFI) were investigated to explore relationships between plasma metabolites and biometric traits related to piglet maturity at birth.Blood samples were collected immediately at birth from the umbilical cord of 51 LRFI and 46 HRFI piglets. A 1H-NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) metabolomic approach was performed, and the automatic identification and quantification of plasma metabolites was carried out with the ASICS R package. Amino acids were also quantified by UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). Rectal temperature and biometric traits (weight, crown-to-rump length, width between the two shoulders, chest circumference, body mass index, and ponderal index) were recorded individually at birth.The final dataset was composed of 83 metabolites. Based on Wilcoxon tests, four metabolites were found significantly more abundant in the plasma of the LRFI newborns and 19 metabolites were found significantly more abundant in HRFI (adjusted p-values < 0.05). Found metabolites also contributed to discriminate the lines using an orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). Metabolite set enrichment analysis showed that aspartate and beta-alanine metabolism pathways were more mobilized in HRFI (p-values < 0.05), while gluconeogenesis was enriched in LRFI (p-value < 0.05). A multivariate analysis (sparse-PLS) allowed to identify important covariations between metabolites and phenotypes: negative covariations were observed between carnosine and both body mass index and ponderal index, between pantothenic acid and rectal temperature, and between myo-inositol and birth weight. Many positive covariations were also observed, e.g., between ornithine or 2-oxoglutarate and crown-to-rump length, chest circumference and, birth weight.Altogether, this information enabled the metabolic status of the newborn piglets to be differentiated according to their genetic origin, and thus their maturity at birth, and to neonatal phenotypic indicators of maturity.

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