Mumps virus and orchitis: towards a physiopathologic approach. Le virus ourlien et l'orchite : vers une approche physiopathologique

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Mouchel, Thomas | Le Goffic, Ronan | Patard, Jean-Jacques | Samson, Michel

Edité par CCSD ; Elsevier Masson -

International audience. Mumps orchitis is a dreaded complication of mumps is pubescent men. The literature on this subject includes epidemiological, clinical, histological and endocrine findings, indicating a marked variability of the clinical features from one patient to another, an alteration of endocrine function that can persist in the long term and finally post-mumps infertility, which is exceptional. On the other hand, relatively few studies have investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms, and suggest replication of the mumps virus in the testis. Based on these data from the literature, this article reviews or proposes various hypotheses concerning the various pathophysiological aspects of this disease and discusses the lines of research that could advance the current knowledge in order to improve the therapeutic management of patients, while also providing a better knowledge of the mumps virus and basic testicular physiology. . L’ orchite ourlienne est une complication redoutée de la parotidite ourlienne (oreillons) chez l’homme pubère. La littérature à ce sujet fait état de connaissances épidémiologiques, cliniques, histologiques et endocriniennes, montrant une grande variabilité de la symptomatologie selon les patients, une altération de la fonction endocrine pouvant persister à long terme et une infertilité séquellaire qui reste exceptionnelle. Par contre, les études portant sur les mécanismes physiopathologiques sont relativement rares, faisant toutefois suspecter une réplication du virus ourlien dans le testicule. S’appuyant sur ces données de la littérature, cet article reprend ou propose diverses hypothèses et éléments de réflexion concernant les différents aspects physiopathologiques de cette maladie et aborde les perspectives de recherche pouvant faire progresser les connaissances actuelles visant ainsi à améliorer la prise en charge thérapeutique des patients mais également à mieux connaître le virus ourlien et la physiologie testiculaire sur le plan fondamental.

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