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Influence of a diet with increased fiber content on the intestinal microbiota of growing pigs. Influence d'une alimentation avec une teneur accrue en fibres sur le microbiote intestinal du porc en croissance
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International audience. This study compared the fecal microbiota of growing pigs fed a conventional diet (CO) or a diet with increased fiber content (F). For each animal, fecal microbiota were collected at sixteen weeks of age to sequence the V3-V4 region of the 16S RNA gene. Microbiota composition data were available for 752 Large White pigs fed the F diet and 812 full-siblings fed the CO diet, with a total of 14,366 identified Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) and 231 genera. Pigs fed the F diet had higher microbial diversity than pigs fed the CO diet according to the Shannon diversity index (P < 0.001). The genera Lactobacillus and Streptococcus, which belong to the Firmicutes phylum, were predominantly represented in the CO diet. Lactobacillus and Prevotella 9, which belong to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla, respectively, were the genera predominantly represented in pigs fed the F diet. Differences in microbiota composition between diets were confirmed by an Adonis test (P < 0.001). The genera Ruminococcus 1, Lachnospira and Lachnoclostridium 12 discriminated most the individuals fed the two diets. Characterizing the diversity of the microbiota within and between the two diets is an important first step before assessing the role of gut microbiota on the variability in feed efficiency traits in various dietary contexts.
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