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PAHs transfer to milk in exposed lactating ruminants
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National audience. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are carcinogenic pollutants of mainly pyrolytic origin. Dairy cattle may introduce these pollutants in the food chain by grazing on contaminated grasslands. This study was aimed to determine the influence of the matrice (soil, hay, oil as control) on the transfer to milk and urine of three PAHs (phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo(a)pyrene) and their major metabolites. The studied matrices were artificially contaminated to ensure 50 mg ingestion for each PAH. Three goats were placed in controlled conditions and the matrice administration was achieved according to a latin square design. After each matrice administration (500 g hay, 25 g soil, 5 mL oil), milk and urine were sampled for the 57 h period following administration of the pollutants. The part of ingested dose transferred to milk and urine over the experimental period was established for all studied compounds. The PAHs analyses of feed, milk and urine were carried out by GC-MS. The ingestion of 50 mg of each PAH was obtained with oil and soil, but only 17 mg were ingested with hay (mean of three goats). In both excretion matrices, concentrations of metabolites were 100 to 1000 times higher than parent compounds, which were detected at a very low level (less than 15 ng/mL). 1-OH-pyrene was the compound reaching the highest concentration in milk (450 ng/g at 24 h). In urine, 1-OH-pyrene reached even 8000 ng/mL (9 h after soil administration). The highest transfer over the total period was found for 1-OH-pyrene (1.2% in milk and 32% in urine). From the studied metabolites, 1-OH-pyrene was the main compound tranferred to milk and urine, and its transfer was independent of the ingested matrice. The question arising concerns the potential adverse effects of 1-OH pyrene in milk products
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