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Genetic variability of plant responses to evaporative demand and water deficit, a forward integration from phenotyping to simulation of plant performances in the field
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Crop improvement for drought is based on the selection of allelesthat increase yield in dry or hot conditions. The Genotypeby Environment Interactions (GxE) is typically high in theseenvironments, with alleles conferring either positive or negativeeffects, depending on drought scenarios (Tardieu, 2012).Rather than trying to over-simplify GxE, for instance, in manageddrought experiments, we propose an integrative approachusing genome wide association studies (GWAS), phenotypingand modelling. It aims at predicting in which drought scenariosa combination of trait/allele could confer advantages (Parentand Tardieu, 2015). Indeed, (i) we phenotype the intra- and inter-specific variability of development and growth responses totemperature, evaporative demand and water deficit with phenotypingplatforms. (ii) We develop ecophysiological models withparameters which can be directly extracted from measurementsin platforms and in the field. (iii) We carry out GWAS at differentscales, from -omic to plant scale in platform, and to yield componentsin network of field experiments to identify QTLs linkedto conditional allelic effects depending on environmental conditions,and to values of model parameters. (iv) We use eitherdirect measurements or the allelic compositions at target QTLsto determine the phenotypic profiles (set of parameter values)of real or virtual genotypes. (v) We simulate genotypic performanceand the contribution of genomic regions under currentand future stress situations over Europe via modelling. Resultsare compared to the observed genetic variability in networks offield experiments and are used as feedbacks for improving ourphenotyping routines and ecophysiological models.
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